Haemochromatosis 'Bigger Threat Than We Thought'

A "stealth disease" which can cause liver failure, diabetes and severe arthritis may be much more common than previously thought, research has shown.

Genetic disorder Haemochromatosis causes the body to absorb too much iron from food and can lead to serious complications if left untreated.

Exeter University said the condition could affect up to 20 times more people than earlier figures suggested.

Public Health England has welcomed the research.

Thought to be the UK's most common genetic disorder, haemochromatosis is linked to a faulty gene passed from both parents to their child.

It was believed to seriously affect about one in 100 carriers.

But the new research has suggested the true level could be closer to one in 10 among women, and one in five for men.

Lead researcher Prof David Melzer said he was astonished at the findings.

"We've shown that hereditary haemochromatosis is actually a much more common and stealth disease, including in older people," he said.

The UK National Screening Committee said it will be "look at the evidence to screen for haemochromatosis in 2019/20, as part of its routine three yearly review."

'You don't believe you're going to lose a child'

Jason Cloke, 42, died in 2010 after his organs were damaged by a build up of iron. His mother, Jenny Lees, herself a haemochromatosis sufferer, believes three members of her family died from the condition.

While her mother and sister were never diagnosed before their deaths, she said they died from severe liver damage; a common symptom.

The cause of her son's death, however, was confirmed as haemochromatosis.

"His liver was cirrhosed, he had chronic diabetes, he then picked up hepatitis A and they couldn't give him the antibiotics that he needed," said Mrs Lees.

She has called for regular blood tests to help detect the condition.

"You don't believe that you're going to lose a child before your death, it's the wrong way round," she said.

Prof Melzer said haemochromatosis was easy to treat if caught early enough, but was "difficult to spot".

"It tends to only be diagnosed quite late on when a lot of the damage is done and treatment is only partially successful," he added.

The professor and his fellow researchers have called on the NHS to find routine ways of testing for it.

What is Haemochromatosis?

Haemochromatosis is a condition that leads to the accumulation of iron in the organs of the body. It is caused by a faulty gene - Northern Europeans with Celtic origins, particularly of Irish backgrounds, are more likely to carry the gene.

Symptoms include fatigue, joint disease, skin problems, and sexual health issues - left untreated it can cause serious illness such as liver cancer and cirrhosis.

Treatment is relatively simple and consists of venesection (bloodletting) - as the body makes more blood to replace that taken, it uses up the excess stored iron

Diagnosis 'Took Months'

Long-distance runner Ruth Jones, 38, said it took nine months of tests before she was diagnosed with haemochromatosis.

'I was in excruciating pain from excess iron'. The mother-of-two from Stamford, Lincolnshire runs up to 70 miles a week and first visited a doctor with symptoms of low energy levels in September 2017.

She said she was "feeling exhausted" all the time and found running much harder for "no obvious reason".

After being diagnosed, she said she was met with a lack of understanding about the condition among medical staff.

However, after a transfer to a consultant and undergoing a few treatments, she noticed aches in her joints alleviating. "I just felt more 'with it' and alive," she said.

Mrs Jones's husband Brian is now undergoing testing to see if he too has haemochromatosis, which would help to indicate whether their daughters, aged 10 and 13, carry the gene or have the condition.

Researchers compared levels of illness and death among those with and without the gene mutations.

They analysed data for 2,890 people from the UK Biobank who had mutations, who were aged between 40 and 70.

Participants were monitored for an average of seven years, and hospital records were used to identify diagnosed conditions and deaths during that time.

Prof Debra Lapthorne, from Public Health England said: "We really welcome this study and think the work will be clinically very important as the results could have implications for clinical practice and help us find people much earlier, before significant damage is done.

"This work shows the real benefit to the population of linking academic research to policy and clinical practice."

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